Video Creator’s Channel Chris Williamson

Ladies And Gentlemen Welcome Back Rachel Kleinfeld Modern

wisdom how are you today very well going to be here Chris I’m really excited to speak to you today. It’s a turbulent time in politics and the the 21st century for governments trying to make themselves work effectively, So I think it’s gonna be a really interesting conversation. I’m reading your bio here a senior fellow of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the founding UK of the Truman National Security Project is that right mm-hmm those sounds like situations where there’s lots of serious stuff happening all the time well. There’s certainly a lot of attempts to have serious conversations about serious issues yes but you know the world of think tanks in WashingtonNK] is is one of it by advising so if I die government advisor government in Britain and all around the world trying to try. To make a difference Yeah! Something tells me that you don’t get much time to just like crack jokes and kind of chill out.

Its Probably A Lot Of Serious Stuff.

We have our fun but you know I’m not I’m not present. There Very often I spend an awful lot of time at 40,000 feet, so you know flying from place to place tit so my phone is generally on the fly in different countries doing you know eating Street food in Afghanistan or or riding Lorries and Bangladesh. That kind of thing that’s pretty cool so we’re going to talk about a savage order which is your new book can you tell us why you started writing this and and what did you want to find out when you began absolutely so when you work in a think-tank. There’s a lot of serious talk because you’ve discussed.

But There Can Also Be A

lot of talk that doesn’t really go anywhere and so I wanted to see could we do anything about the problem of violence. I spent all my time reading about it thinking about it how do we end conflicts. Do we do about violence and it turned out We knew very little about what actually worked and so I pulled together A big conference. I brought together the experts on electoral violence on organized crime on gang violence. You have it.

We Had Them All In A Room Together.

If a bomb had gone off in that room brain power ended and I said you know what do we know and we put together. A literature review on here’s all that we knew which was quite a lot. We had a great deal of knowledge actually about how you fight gangs. How you get better policing all sorts of things and then I said okay well how would you get a corrupt police force in X country to adopt these ideas and you know the room just went silent and I thought okay that’s the problem I need to.

Focus On For This Book Wow So

you must have had to include certain areas and exclude other ones with a certain geographic locations that you focused on yeah, So when I first wrote the book, I thought it would be a pretty typical think-tank book of lots of little ideas that you know lots of little different kinds of violence and different ways to fight it And so I picked case studies on every continent on earth that was settled so not Antarctica but everywhere else. If this was going on in Antarctica and gangs roving gangs of Emperor Penguins UK so you know we went to Italy and we looked at why the mob ended in Sicily or Prettier was really decimated in Sicily and and was so very present in Naples and was spreading in the rest of Italy. We looked at the Republic of Georgia, which was an ex-soviet state broke away, Why had it gotten so much better when Tajikistan had fallen into a kind of an authoritarian dictatorship? Nigeria versus Ghana Mexico versus Columbia” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener”>Columbia, Why did Columbia and its civil war and really fight its violence? While Mexico is just getting worse and worse in terms of violence. They’re Bihar India versus Johar Khan and that was one state had a lot of Maoist violence and criminal violence and insurgency and right below it the state that had been the break away. The two had been one state and they’d been separated by the federal government.

The Other One Couldnt Fight In

one part and then my sort of fun case. You asked about whether we have fun and things thanks my fun case was looking at the U. s. the U. s.

• conversation
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South After The Civil War Versus.

Wild West and why did the Wild West actually get better pretty quickly. It went from wild not particularly wild in about 30 years, whereas the U. s. South is still the most violent part of States” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener”>America and certainly was back then and after the Civil War became more and more violent over time, and so that was probably the key to the whole book actually was that that case that’s interesting so did you find any common principles amongst all of these areas.

Obviously Theyll Have Been Characteristics That Were

particular to within them. I suppose what were the overarching narratives that you came up with yeah so as I said I thought I was going to write lots of little things and what does the mob have to do with the post-civil War. America in the West, but what I found as I went from place to place was. themes kept recurring. I kept seeing the same ideas the same thoughts and I was trying to figure it out when you do a book like this you travel all over you’re really jet-lagged.

• tanks washingtonnk advising die government
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Youre Talking To Everyone You Can Get Your

hands on so you might do 80-100 interviews in a country. You’re reading everything and my husband laughed at me because he said you know for five years you never read a book that wasn’t about violence and worry about you know so I’m just you’re taking all this information that you’re trying to make sense of it and as I was trying to make sense that I was doing my fun case about American history and that was the key because the Wild West was a very violent weak state and when we think about states in my profession that are very violent and it are democracies. Should say I only looked at democracies because I wanted to know how they got better and autocracies have a very different way of getting bad and getting better. It’s just a different kind of a situation so when you look at a very violent democracy. People tend to assume that they’re weak States After all.

If You Cant Protect Your Voters, You Must

be too weak to protect your voters. Because your voters must be asking for protection it disgust to reason but the UK West was that so I tell the story in the book of Theodore Roosevelt, who was a president of ours a hundred years ago, but he was also a cattle rancher before he was the president South Dakota and someone stole his boat and he needed to get his boat back and so he got together a posse in a typical Wild West fashion. and they went down the river to get the criminals and after three days on the river they found the bad guys. They arrested them. They put handcuffs on them or whatever they had back.

Then You Know Tied Them Up Onto Their

raft and then it froze the river froze and so for two weeks. They were stuck on frozen river with three criminals that they had to feed that to keep everybody alive that floored this frozen river. They finally hit land. The posse leaves they have jobs they need to go back to their ranches. Theodore Roosevelt was independently wealthy so he takes his criminals and he walks for 36 hours.

He Walks With Them To The Nearest Jail

and you can imagine that not being a particularly fun experience and when he got to the the town that had the jail someone there said well why. didn’t you just shoot them and that made a lot of sense actually because in that kind of a circumstance. You can’t sleep for 36 hours because it’s you against three criminals. You can’t. You know just the sheer logistics of bringing someone to justice in a weak state that has poor capacity is a mess and so you get a lot of violence that is people trying to solve these problems for themselves and you see that in a lot of weak states today and that’s the theory when we go to help Afghanistan or we go to help Nigeria.

We Say Oh Theyre Too Weak

let’s bulk up their security services let’s train them and how to shoot let’s train them in logistics and so on and help them fight people that they clearly want to fight, but that was not the issue in the U.s. South and so that was the key because in the UK South you had courts you had judges You had police You had all the things you need for a state. It wasn’t a weak state at all what it was was a complicit state and so in the U. s.

South.

After the Civil War, the old Confederate leadership wanted to have be back in power, but they couldn’t be because Blacks had been in franchised and so they weren’t going to vote for their former slave owners and so on and most Confederates had been disenfranchised so what do they do well. At the same time you had the Ku Klux Klan start up and you had a bunch of groups Nightrider groups as they were called these white supremacist groups all over the south. They didn’t start because the politicians made them start they started because they were. Racist horrible people, but the politicians a confluence of interest what the politician saw was that if you harassed and terrified African Americans, you would also be terrifying the voting base for the other party because they were going to vote for the other party and so if you chased enough of them out of town if you killed enough of them.

If You Scared Enough Of Them,

they wouldn’t vote and so that’s what happened and so you saw pogroms and lynchings and so on spike Right before elections and you saw people get away Scot-free because the deal that the Confederates made an implicit deal, but fairly explicitly implicit. The Ku Klux Klan had their big annual meeting the same weekend at the same hotel in Tennessee as the Democratic Party of Tennessee see it just happened but you saw a lot of parties back then right violence. their electoral plans, you know there get out the vote plans have these parts in them that talked about electoral violence and using that as part of their strategy and the caucus at the time, Yes really people Don’t know this part of the UK history we don’t talk about reconstruction it’s it’s it’s a rough period. Bill Burns is actually just about to do a documentary on it So then hopefully people will know more about it. But theNK] Congress avoided more than two dozen elections because of the level of violence and sent people back and you know had you had to do recounts that was so bad.

But As Confederates Got Back Into

power through these violent means as they suppress the vote of the other side and got back into power. They of course turned back the clock on federal legislation that would fight that. That kind of violence they made it harder to do.

Summary

Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the founding UK of the Truman National Security Project . Kleinfeld’s new book is about a savage order which is your new book about how do we end conflicts? Kleinfeld: It’s a turbulent time in politics and the the the 21st century for governments trying to make themselves work effectively. So I think it’s gonna be a really interesting conversation. I wanted to see could we do anything about the problem of violence. We knew very little about what actually worked and so I pulled together A big confeege . We have our fun but you know I’m not present. I spend an awful lot of time at 40,000 feet, so you know flying from place to place so my phone is generally on the fly in different countries doing you know eating Street food in Afghanistan or or or riding Lorries and Bangladesh.& That kind of thing that’s pretty cool. I’m going to talk about a…. Click here to read more and watch the full video